Correlation between physical activity practice and mortality from COVID-19: an ecological study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v13i1.17944Keywords:
COVID-19, Mortality, Physical Exercise, Sedentary Behavior, Data CorrelationAbstract
Background and objective: new population-level studies are needed to better assess the relationship between physical inactivity and mortality from COVID-19. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between population prevalence of physical activity and standardized mortality rates by COVID-19 in Brazilian capital cities and the Federal District. Methods: this is an ecological study, whose analysis is secondary. The prevalence of physical inactivity, insufficient physical activity, and physical activity during free time was obtained from the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey 2019 (VIGITEL), according to minutes spent on leisure, commuting, and household activities. The COVID-19 mortality data was obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), adding the accumulated deaths until December 31, 2020. The resident population was estimated from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the year 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluated the correlation between the prevalence of different physical activity practices and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19, in total, and according to age groups. Results: there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.420; p = 0.029) between the overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity and the standardized COVID-19 mortality rate. No correlation was observed between the other prevalence of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19. Conclusion: there was a correlation between insufficient levels of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19 in people living in Brazilian capital cities.
Downloads
References
WHO. World Health Organization. 2019-nCoV outbreak is an emergency of international concern; 2020 Jan 31 https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/international-health-regulations/news/news/2020/2/2019-ncov-outbreak-is-an-emergency-of-international-concern
WHO. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard; 2020 Jan 30. https://covid19.who.int
Orellana JDY, Cunha GM da, Marrero L, et al. Excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic: underreporting and regional inequalities in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(1):e00259120. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00259120
Demenech LM, Dumith S de C, Vieira MECD, et al. Income inequality and risk of infection and death by COVID-19 in Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23:e200095. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200095
Baqui P, Bica I, Marra V, et al. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020 Aug 1;8(8):e1018–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30285-0
CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People with Certain Medical Conditions. USA; 2021.https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html
Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ. 2016 Aug;354:i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857
Sallis R, Young DR, Tartof SY, et al. Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. 2021 Apr. Br J Sports Med. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080
MS. Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel: o que é, como funciona, quando utilizar e resultados. Brasil. https://antigo.saude.gov.br/saude-de-a-z/vigitel
MS. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Vigitel Brasil, 2019: Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). Brasil, Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2016. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/vigitel_brasil_2019_vigilancia_fatores_risco.pdf
MS. Ministério da Saúde, Banco de Dados do Sistema Único de Saúde- open DataSUS, Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). SRAG 2020 - Banco de Dados de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave - incluindo dados da COVID-19: Vigilância de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Brasil; 2020 Jul 22. https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/dataset/bd-srag-2020
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Brasil. https://www.ibge.gov.br/
Naing NN. Easy way to learn standardization: direct and indirect methods. Malays J Med Sci. 2000 Jan;7(1):10–5. PMCID: PMC3406211. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406211/
Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. 2020 May 28; Vol. 12, Nutrients. 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, et al. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1,9 million participants. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018 Oct 1;6(10):e1077–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
Malta D, Szwarcwald C, Barros M, et al. A pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças no estilo de vida dos brasileiros adultos: um estudo transversal. 2020. Epidemiol e Serviços Saúde. 2020 Sep 25;29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742020000400026
Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1973–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
Nussbaumer-Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, et al. Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID‐19: a rapid review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(4). https://doi.org//10.1002/14651858.CD013574
Boschiero MN, Palamim CVC, Ortega MM, et al. One Year of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil: A Political and Social Overview. Ann Glob Heal. 2021 May 18;87(1):44. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3182
Hallal PC, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Brazil: results from two successive nationwide serological household surveys. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020 Nov 1;8(11):e1390–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30387-9
ANS. Agência Nacional de Saúde, Sistema de Informações de Beneficiários. Dados Gerais: Beneficiários de planos privados de saúde, por cobertura assistencial. Brasil, 2011. https://www.ans.gov.br/perfil-do-setor/dados-gerais
Mikkelsen UR, Couppé C, Karlsen A, et al. Life-long endurance exercise in humans: circulating levels of inflammatory markers and leg muscle size. Mech Ageing Dev. 2013;134(11–12):531–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.004
Minuzzi LG, Chupel MU, Rama L, et al. Lifelong exercise practice and immunosenescence: Master athletes cytokine response to acute exercise. Cytokine. 2019 Mar;115:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.006
Simpson RJ, Kunz H, Agha N, et al. Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2015;135:355–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.08.001
Nieman DC, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Markoff PA, et al. The effects of moderate exercise training on natural killer cells and acute upper respiratory tract infections. Int J Sports Med. 1990 Dec;11(6):467–73. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024839
Nieman DC, Henson DA, Austin MD, et al. Upper respiratory tract infection is reduced in physically fit and active adults. Br J Sports Med. 2011 Sep;45(12):987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.077875
Woods JA, Keylock KT, Lowder T, et al. Cardiovascular exercise training extends influenza vaccine seroprotection in sedentary older adults: the immune function intervention trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Dec;57(12):2183–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02563.x
Klöting N, Ristow M, Blüher M. Effects of Exercise on ACE2. Vol. 28, Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). United States; 2020. p. 2266–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23041
Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, et al. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol. 2020 Mar;94(7). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20
Lee SW, Lee J, Moon SY, et al. Physical activity and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 related mortality in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2021 Jul. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104203
Yuan Q, Huang H, Chen X, et al. Does pre-existent physical inactivity have a role in the severity of COVID-19? Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan 1;15:17534666211025220. https://doi.org/10.1177/17534666211025221
Salgado-Aranda R, Pérez-Castellano N, Núñez-Gil I, et al. Influence of Baseline Physical Activity as a Modifying Factor on COVID-19 Mortality: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study. Infect Dis Ther. 2021 Mar;1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00418-6
Wolff D, Nee S, Hickey NS, et al. Risk factors for Covid-19 severity and fatality: a structured literature review. Infection. 2020/08/28. 2021 Feb;49(1):15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01509-1
Segri NJ, Galvão CLC, Berti MAB, et al. Inquérito de saúde: comparação dos entrevistados segundo posse de linha telefônica residencial. Rev Saude Publica. 2010 Nov 27;44(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010005000012
Bernal RTI, Iser BPM, Malta DC, et al. Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel): changes in weighting methodology. Epidemiol e Serv saude. Rev do Sist Unico Saude do Bras. 2017;26(4):701–12. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000400003
Ferrari P, Friedenreich C, Matthews CE. The Role of Measurement Error in Estimating Levels of Physical Activity. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Oct 1;166(7):832–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm148
Skender S, Ose J, Chang-Claude J, et al. Accelerometry and physical activity questionnaires - a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):515: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3172-0
WHO. World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Switzerland, Geneva. 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/global-physical-activity-questionnaire
Moreira AD, Claro RM, Felisbino-Mendes MS, et al. Validity and reliability of a telephone survey of physical activity in Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20(1):136–46. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700010012
Silva SJR, Pena L. Collapse of the public health system and the emergence of new variants during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. One Heal. 2021;13:100287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100287
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Lucas Paes de Oliveira , Helena Martinez Faria Bastos Régis Hughes , Raquel Alencastro Veiga Domingues Carneiro , Cleverton José Teixeira da Silva , Kamille Feltrin Ronsoni , Andreia Morales Cascaes , Danúbia Hillesheim, Ana Luiza de Lima Curi Hallal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
