Profile of post-exposure anti-rabies treatments to wild mammals in a health region, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2014-2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i3.19244Keywords:
epidemiology; rabies; post-exposure prophylaxis; wild animalsAbstract
Justification and Objectives: since 2016, Brazil has not registered any cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs, with the disease now primarily associated with wild mammals. In Pernambuco, the last reported case occurred in 2017 in Recife. Considering the reporting of anti-rabies treatments as a crucial tool for the epidemiological surveillance of rabies, this study aimed to analyze post-exposure anti-rabies treatments related to wild mammals in the First Health Region of Pernambuco between 2014 and 2020. Methods: a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted on human anti-rabies treatments reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Data were processed using Excel, with the chi-square test assuming p < 0.05. A qualitative assessment was performed to identify duplicate records in different health units. Results: a total of 799 human anti-rabies treatments were identified, primarily in adults (20-34 years) and mixed-race individuals, with no statistical difference between sexes. Bats were the most involved species. The accidents mainly occurred through bites, on hands and feet, with single and superficial wounds. Most prophylactic recommendations were serum-vaccination. A total of 64 duplicate treatments were recorded in different health units.Conclusion: although most post-exposure prophylactic recommendations were appropriate, anti-rabies accidents involving wild mammals are classified as severe. This underscores the importance of strictly adhering to the prophylactic protocol established by the health authority. The identification of duplicate records also highlights the need for improvements in the integration of health systems and the training of professionals to ensure efficiency in case reporting and treatment.
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