Toxoplasmi Gestational: a review of the literature

Abstract

Background and Objectives. Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondiie has high vertical transmission rates, reaching 65% in the third trimester of pregnancy. The main focus was to review the diagnosis and management of gestational toxoplasmosis, highlighting the importance of screening during pregnancy with serology request early during the prenatal period. Content. The main ways of getting gestational toxoplasmosis are the ingestion of undercooked meat and unwashed vegetables and also the direct or indirect contact with oocysts present in the feces of cats. The diagnosis of gestational toxoplasmosis is done through research of specific antibodies of the IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma gondii in serum samples and tracking is required during the prenatal period. Nevertheless, this disease is highly prevalent in Brazil, with 60,000 new cases a year and is considered a serious public health problem. Treatment varies according to the gestational period and is based on the spiramycin administration, may or may not be switched sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and folinic acid, aiming to reduce the consequences for the newborn. Conclusion: Thus, it is understood that for the diagnosis of acute infections serological screening is the most appropriate treatment and, once detected seroconversion in pregnant women should be immediately initiated therapy with spiramycin. Key-words: Toxoplasma. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Communicable Diseases. Infection Diseases transmission vertical. Prenatal Care.