Impacto del gel de alcohol en las bacterias de las manos en los profesionales sanitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v11i3.16493Palabras clave:
Hand Hygiene, Health Personnel, Neonatal Intensive Care Units, Microbial Drug Resistance.Resumen
RESUMEN
Justificación y Objetivos: Las infecciones relacionadas con la atención médica son un problema. Las manos de los profesionales de la salud siguen siendo la principal fuente de infecciones, por lo que la higiene de las manos es extremadamente importante para el control de infecciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las bactérias de las manos de los profesionales sanitarios de una Unidad Neonatal antes y después de la utilización de gel de alcohol, así como evaluar la susceptibilidad de los microorganismos a los antimicrobianos. Métodos: Se recolectaron muestras de manos utilizando el método de jugo de guante modificado, antes y después de la higiene de manos con gel de alcohol. Las bacterias se identificaron mediante MALDI-TOF y pruebas de susceptibilidad de acuerdo con el documento M100-E29 del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 214 muestras, de las cuales 104 (48,6%) presentaron crecimiento bacteriano antes y 52 (24,3%) después. Se obtuvieron 217 aislamientos de los cultivos, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo fue el más frecuente, con 41 (27,2%) y 24 (36,4%) cultivos positivos, respectivamente, antes y después. El segundo fue Klebsiella pneumoniae, con 32 (21,2%) y 16 (24,2%) respectivamente antes y después. Se detectó resistencia a los antimicrobianos en el 58,1% em bacterias gram positivas y 34,3% en gram negativas. Conclusión: Se observó una disminución, pero no una eliminación de la carga microbiana después de la higiene de las manos con gel de alcohol, lo que demuestra la necesidad de mejoras en la higiene de las manos.
Descargas
Citas
Tajeddin E, Rashidan M, Razaghi M, et al. The role of the intensive care unit environment and health-care workers in the transmission of bacteria associated with hospital acquired infections. J Infect Public Health. 2016; 9:13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.010
Bowen JR, Callander I, Richards R, et al. Decreasing infection in neonatal intensive care units through quality improvement. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2017; 102: F51-F57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310165
Chen YC, Lin CF, Rehn YF, et al. Reduced nosocomial infection rate in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 4-year surveillance period. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017; 80: 427-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2017.02.006
Wang HP, Zhang HJ, Liu J, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of 3 types of gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospital surfaces and the hands of health care workers. Am J Infect Control. 2017; 45: e143-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.06.002
Wolfensberger A, Clack L, Kuster SP, et al. Transfer of pathogens to and from patients, healthcare providers, and medical devices during care activity—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2018; 39:1093-107. http://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.156
Hor SY, Hooker C, Iedema R, et al. Beyond hand hygiene: a qualitative study of the everyday work of preventing cross-contamination on hospital wards. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016; 26:1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005878
Brasil. Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. 2007. Segurança do Paciente: Higienização das mãos. http://www.anvisa.gov.br/servicosaude/manuais/paciente_hig_maos.pdf
Greenaway RE, Ormandy K, Fellows C, et al. Impact of hand sanitizer format (gel/foam/liquid) and dose amount on its sensory properties and acceptability for improving hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect. 2018; 100:195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.011
Vermeil T, Peters A, Kilpatrick C, et al. Hand hygiene in hospitals: anatomy of a revolution. J Hosp Infect. 2019; 101:383-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.09.003
World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care 2009. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland. 2009.
American Society for Testing and Materials International. “ASTM E 1174-06: Standard test method for evaluation of the effectiveness of healthcare personnel handwash formulations”. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials; 2006.
Pellegrino FLPC, Chagas TPG, Alves MS, et al. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Applications in Bacteriology: Brazilian Contributions. HU Rev. 2017; 43: 285-294. https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2017.v43.2859
Mortier T, Wieme AD, Vandamme P, Waegeman W. Bacterial species identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and machine learning techniques: A large-scale benchmarking study. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 2021; 19: 6157–6168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.004
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Testing: Twenty-ninth Edition Informational Supplement M100-E29. 2019. http://em100.edaptivedocs.net/dashboard.aspx
Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug‐resistant, extensively drug‐resistant and pandrug‐resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. CMI. 2012; 18:268-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x
Visalachy S, Palraj KK, Kopula SS, et al. Carriage of multidrug resistant bacteria on frequently contacted surfaces and hands of health care workers. JCDR. 2016; 10:DC18-DC20. http://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/19692.7772
La Fauci V, Costa GB, Genovese C, et al. Drug-resistant bacteria on hands of healthcare workers and in the patient area: an environmental survey in Southern Italy’s hospital. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019; 32:303-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719646/
Ferng YH, Clock SA, Wong-Mcloughlin J, et al. Multicenter study of hand carriage of potential pathogens by neonatal ICU healthcare personnel. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014; 4:276-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piu022
Tselebonis A, Nena E, Nikolaidis C, et al. Monitoring of Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pathogens on the hands of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital. Folia medica. 2016; 58:200-5. http://doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0028
Medeiros FDVA, Herdy Alves V, Ortiz Sobrinho Valete C, et al. A correlação entre procedimentos assistenciais invasivos e a ocorrência de sepse neonatal. Acta paul. Enferm. 2016; 29:573-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201600079
Sanderson E, Yeo KT, Wang AY, et al. Dwell time and risk of central-line-associated bloodstream infection in neonates. J Hosp Infect. 2017; 97:267-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.06.023
Brito DVD, Brito CS, Resende DS, et al. Nosocomial infections in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit: a 4-year surveillance study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010; 43:633-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822010000600006
Gadallah MAH, Fotouh AMA, Habil IS, et al. Surveillance of health care–associated infections in a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt: 1-year follow-up. Am J Infect Control. 2014; 42:1207-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.07.020
Pires D, Soule H, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, et al. Hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub: how long is long enough? Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2017; 38:547-52. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.25
Kapil R, Bhavsar HK, Madan M. Hand hygiene in reducing transient flora on the hands of healthcare workers: an educational intervention. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015; 33:125-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.148409
Singh S, Singh AK. Prevalence of bacteria contaminating the hands of healthcare workers during routine patient care: A hospital-based study. Journal of The Academy of Clinical Microbiologists. 2016; 18:60-2. http://doi.org/10.4103/0972-1282.184764
Zubair M, Zafar A, Yaqoob A, et al. Comparison of Different Hand Washing Techniques to Control Transmission of Microorganisms. PJMHS. 2017; 11:1118-20.
##submission.downloads##
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Gabriel Faria, Ralciane Menezes, Priscila Alves, Lara Marques, Nagela Silva, Meliza Bessa, Felipe Silva, Denise Röder, Reginaldo Pedroso, Mario Penatti
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
