Prevención de la exposición al aerosol de COVID-19 durante la intubación orotraqueal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v12i1.17013Palabras clave:
COVID-19. Aerossóis. Profissionais de saúde. Intubação intratraqueal.Resumen
Justificacción y objetivos: durante la intubación orotraqueal (IOT), existe exposición a aerosoles COVID-19 y consecuente contaminación de los profesionales involucrados, observándose la necesidad de aplicar medidas preventivas. El objetivo es conocer, en la literatura científica, cuáles son las principales medidas preventivas, para los profesionales de la salud, de los aerosoles generados durante la IOT de pacientes sospechosos o confirmados por COVID-19. Contenido: se trata de una revisión integrativa, con búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE, PubMed y Cochrane Wiley. Se seleccionaron los artículos primarios, con texto completo en portugués, español y inglés, que contemplaban el objetivo de la investigación. De los 335 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 22, según los criterios de inclusión. En 18 (82%) de los artículos, destacaron el uso de métodos de barrera al realizar el procedimiento de intubación, como caja/caja de acrílico y lona plástica. En otros estudios (3; 14%), observaron la necesidad de incluir equipos de intubación calificados en las instituciones hospitalarias para reducir la contaminación de los profesionales involucrados, además de la aplicación de listas de verificación que orientan el procedimiento. Un solo artículo trajo el uso de una cubierta protectora ortopédica adaptada para proteger al intubador. Conclusiones: las medidas son efectivas para reducir la exposición a aerosoles y permiten la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud. El uso de una caja de intubación debe usarse con precaución, sopesando los riesgos y beneficios frente a posibilidad de la aerosolización durante su uso en intubación orotraqueal.
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