Factores de riesgo y distribución espacial asociados con muertes por COVID-19: revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v12i1.17124Resumen
Justificación y objetivos: comprender los factores clínico-epidemiológicos y ambientales relacionados con las muertes por COVID-19 y su distribución en el espacio puede servir como subsidio para orientar e implementar acciones de salud más efectivas para poblaciones vulnerables. Así, el objetivo fue sintetizar la evidencia científica relacionada con los factores de riesgo y la distribución espacial de las muertes por COVID-19 en el mundo. Contenido: se trata de una revisión integradora de literatura, donde se formuló la siguiente pregunta orientadora: ¿cuál es la evidencia científica relacionada con los factores de riesgo y distribución espacial de las muertes por COVID-19 en el mundo? Las búsquedas se realizaron en la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y National Library of Medicine (PubMed) en junio de 2021. Se consideraron estudios originales, en portugués, inglés o español, sin marco de tiempo, excluyendo estudios con un grupo de edad específico o con una audiencia con comorbilidad específica. Se incluyeron 25 estudios, con hallazgos en diferentes escenarios alrededor del mundo. Factores, como la edad, el sexo, las enfermedades preexistentes se asociaron a las muertes por COVID-19, que tenían una distribución espacial heterogénea y se produjo en condiciones ambientales, socioeconómicas y geográficas propias de estos territorios. Conclusión: la edad igual o mayor a 60 años, el género masculino, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la diabetes mellitus y las zonas geográficas con mayor contaminación ambiental, mayor densidad poblacional y malas condiciones sanitarias influyeron en la mortalidad por COVID-19.
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