Caracterización de los mecanismos de resistencia a la vancomicina en aislamientos de Enterococcus faecium de un hospital terciario brasileño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i2.18967Palabras clave:
Enterococcus faecium, Monitoreo Epidemiológico, Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana, Resistencia a la VancomicinaResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: Enterococcus faecium resistente a vancomicina (VREf) es un patógeno oportunista responsable de infecciones hospitalarias, caracterizado por su creciente prevalencia y la falta de estudios epidemiológicos exhaustivos. El objetivo fue evaluar la ocurrencia de VREf y los elementos genéticos de resistencia a vancomicina vanA y vanB en cepas aisladas de muestras clínicas de pacientes tratados en un hospital terciario en Brasil. Métodos: Los aislamientos se obtuvieron mediante muestreo de conveniencia según las solicitudes médicas de rutina durante nueve meses. Las cepas fueron identificadas mediante pruebas bioquímicas, utilizando el BD Phoenix® y MALDI-TOF. El perfil de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos se determinó mediante difusión en disco y el BD Phoenix®. La resistencia a vancomicina se evaluó mediante microdilución. La detección molecular de los genes de resistencia vanA y vanB se investigó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y secuenciación de ADN. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 8,376 cultivos, identificándose 19 (0.22%) como Enterococcus sp., de las cuales 9 (47%) fueron VREf. El análisis de la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos mostró una alta resistencia. El análisis para determinar el perfil genético de los aislados de E. faecium mediante PCR mostró que todos portaban el gen vanA asociado a la resistencia a la vancomicina. Conclusión: Durante el período de estudio, se observó una baja incidencia de especies de Enterococcus. Sin embargo, todos los aislamientos de VREf presentaron el gen vanA asociado con resistencia a la vancomicina y mostraron resistencia a los antimicrobianos comúnmente utilizados, lo cual alerta sobre la eficacia de los tratamientos antimicrobianos disponibles para infecciones causadas por VREf.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Igor Vasconcelos Rocha, Carlos Alberto das Neves de Andrade , Antônio Marcos Saraiva , Erika Danielle Gameiro da Fonsêca , Danilo Elias Xavier , Danielle Patrícia Cerqueira Macêdo
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