Folato y vitamina B12 relacionados con homocisteína y daño en el ADN en estudiantes universitarias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i2.19000Resumen
Justificación y Objetivos: No está claro si el aumento del conocimiento de estudiantes de nutrición está asociado con un comportamiento alimentario más saludable, con menores deficiencias de micronutrientes que puedan inducir daños en ADN. La deficiencia de algunas vitaminas puede ser un factor de riesgo para el aumento de los niveles de homocisteína (Hcy), marcador de riesgo cardiovascular. Consiguiente, este estudio verificó si folato y vitamina B12 dietéticos y séricos están asociados con niveles de Hcy y daños en el ADN en estudiantes universitarias. Métodos: Estudio transversal con universitarias del sur de Brasil. Se determinaron folato, vitamina B12 y Hcy dietéticos y séricos. Los niveles de daño en el ADN se evaluaron por ensayo del cometa alcalino (índice y frecuencia) y el ensayo de micronúcleos bucales (frecuencia de micronúcleos y células binucleadas). Resultados: Los análisis de correlación no mostraron asociación entre los niveles de Hcy con folato y vitamina B12 dietéticos y séricos. Folato y vitamina B12 dietéticos se asociaron con índice y frecuencia de daños, pero, solo folato sérico se asoció negativamente con índice y frecuencia de daños. Además, la frecuencia de células binucleadas estaba negativamente asociada con la vitamina B12 de la dieta y positivamente asociada con los niveles séricos. Folato sérico se asoció negativamente con la frecuencia de micronúcleos. Los niveles de Hcy se asociaron con índice y frecuencia de daños. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos refuerzan el papel de patrones alimentarios más saludables con micronutrientes adecuados como estrategia preventiva para reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este enfoque debería desempeñar un papel fundamental en la elaboración de políticas de salud y en la promoción de elecciones alimenticias apropiadas.
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