Conocimiento y adherencia a las medidas preventivas de la neumonía asociada a ventilador en la pandemia de COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i4.19180Palabras clave:
Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Controle de Infecções, Pandemias, Enfermagem, COVID-19Resumen
Justificación y Objetivos: el cumplimiento de las medidas para prevenir la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAV) reduce significativamente esta infección hospitalaria, y el conocimiento de las medidas es fundamental para garantizar el cumplimiento. COVID-19 ha aumentado la demanda de cuidados intensivos y aumenta los riesgos y la gravedad de la NAV. Así, el objetivo fue evaluar los conocimientos referidos sobre el paquete de prevención de NAV y sus factores asociados y la percepción de los profesionales del equipo multidisciplinario sobre la adherencia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado de diciembre de 2020 a julio de 2021, con profesionales de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital universitario. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados para evaluar los factores asociados al conocimiento de los profesionales. Resultados: de los 61 profesionales entrevistados, el 85,25% eran profesionales de enfermería y el 14,75% eran fisioterapeutas. Los fisioterapeutas obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de respuestas correctas en relación con los ítems del paquete de prevención de NAV. Los profesionales de enfermería tienen poco conocimiento sobre los elementos que componen el paquete, destacándose la necesidad de capacitación durante todo el proceso de formación y desempeño profesional. La falta de formación fue la principal dificultad reportada (14,75%). La edad fue un factor asociado al conocimiento del paquete (p=0,017). Conclusión: existe falta de conocimiento y adherencia al paquete de prevención de NAV entre los profesionales de enfermería. Sin embargo, estos profesionales demostraron voluntad de recibir capacitación para mejorar las tasas de cumplimiento del paquete y las buenas prácticas actuales de prevención de NAV.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Hélio Galdino Júnior, Ana Clara Alves Campos, Jessica de Oliveira Montebello, George Oliveira Silva
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