Relationship between burnout profiles, meaning in life and self-compassion in teachers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/psiunisc.v8i2.18574Keywords:
Burnout, Logotherapy, Self-compassionAbstract
The context of Basic Education is full of adversities and can place teachers in an ill state, without an existential sense and without compassion towards themselves. The aim of this article is to investigate the predictive power of meaning in life and self-compassion in each burnout syndrome profile. The participants were 184 teachers from the state network of Sergipe. The study is cross-sectional and quantitative through the application of the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Self-Compassion Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire. JASP (Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program), version 0.17.1, was used, adopting the bootstrapping method, for the descriptive analyzes and multiple linear regressions conducted. The results showed that there is an explanatory power of self-compassion, with low effect size , on all subtypes of burnout. The presence of meaning in life proved to be significantly negative in the distressed individual, on the other hand, the search for meaning was significantly positive in the under-challenged individual. It is concluded, then, that the presence of self-compassion and meaning in life predicts the absence of burnout in teachers. It is concluded, then, that the presence of self-compassion and meaning in life predict, with little relevance, the absence of burnout in teachers. However, longitudinal, population-based and experimental studies are needed to robustly determine the directional relationship between the studied factors and other factors.
Downloads
References
Abós, Á., Sevil-Serrano, J., Montero-Marín, J., Julián, J. A., & García-González, L. (2021). Examining the psychometric properties of the Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-12) in secondary school teachers. Current Psychology, 40, 3809-3826. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-00333-7
Alegre, L. (2019). Estresse crônico no trabalho pode causar síndrome de Burnout. Jornal da USP. Recuperado de https://jornal.usp.br/?p=248788
Akase, M., Terao, T., Kawano, N., Sakai, A., Hatano, K., Shirahama, M., ... & Ishii, N. (2020). More Purpose in Life and Less Novelty Seeking Predict Improvements in Self-Compassion During a Mindfulness-Based Intervention: The EXMIND Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 252-258. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00252
Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2010). Self‐Compassion, stress, and coping. Social and personality psychology compass, 4(2), 107-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00246.x
Aquino, T. A. A. D., Veloso, V. G., Aguiar, A. A. D., Serafim, T. D. B., Pontes, A. D. M., Pereira, G. D. A., & Fernandes, A. S. (2015). Questionário de Sentido de Vida: Evidências de sua validade fatorial e consistência interna. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 35(1), 4-19. doi: 10.1590/1982-3703001332012
Araújo, M. Â. M., Moreira, K. D. A. P., Silveira, L. C., & Braga, V. A. B. (2008). A logoterapia e suas relações com os cuidados de enfermagem em saúde mental. Rev Rene, 9(4), 19. doi: 10.15253/2175-6783.20080004000019
Dabrowski, A. (2020). Teacher wellbeing during a pandemic: Surviving or thriving? Social Education Research, 2(1), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.37256/ser.212021588
Dalcin, L. & Carlotto, M. S. (2017). Síndrome de burnout em professores no Brasil: considerações para uma agenda de pesquisa. Psicologia em Revista, 23(2), 745-770. doi: 10.5752/P.1678-9563.2017v23n2p745-770
Demarzo, M., García-Campayo, J., Martínez-Rubio, D., Pérez-Aranda, A., Miraglia, J. L., Hirayama, M. S., de Salvo, V., Cicuto, K., Favarato, M. L., Terra, V., de Oliveira, M. B., García-Toro, M., Modrego-Alarcón, M., & Montero-Marin, J. (2020). Frenetic, under-Challenged, and Worn-out Burnout Subtypes among Brazilian Primary Care Personnel: Validation of the Brazilian "Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire" (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 10-31. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031081
Diehl, L., & Carlotto, M. S. (2014). Conhecimento de professores sobre a Síndrome de Burnout: processo, fatores de risco e consequências. Psicologia em estudo, 19 (4), 741-752. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-73722455415
Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap methods - Another look at the jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_41
Farber, B. A. (2000). Treatment strategies for different types of teacher burnout. Journal of Clinical psychology, 56(5), 675-689. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200005)56:5<675::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-D
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, AG., & Buchner, A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191 (2007). doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
Ferrari de Lima, D., Anguera Lima, L., Sampaio, A. A., & Dieter Stobaus, C. (2022). Revisão sistemática de revisões da literatura sobre a síndrome de burnout em docentes do ensino superior no Brasil. Perspectivas Em Diálogo: Revista De Educação E Sociedade, 9(19), 159-174. doi: 10.55028/pdres.v9i19.12978
Field, A. (2021). Descobrindo Estatística usando o SPSS. 5ª Ed. Porto Alegre: Penso.
Frankl, V. E. (1989). Psicoterapia e Sentido Da Vida: Fundamentos de Logoterapia e Análise Existencial. São Paulo: Quadrante (Original publicado em 1946).
García-Carmona, M., Marín, M. D., & Aguayo, R. (2019). Burnout syndrome in secondary school teachers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Psychology of Education, 22, 189-208. doi: 10.1007/s11218-018-9471-9
Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2015). Teacher burnout: A review of sources and ramifications. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 6(1), 24-39. doi: 10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162
Gil-Monte, P. R., & Moreno-Jiménez, B. (2005). El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout). Una enfermedad laboral en la sociedad del bienestar. Madrid: Pirámide, 36-37. Recuperado de https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/neuropsiq/n94/v25n2a09.pdf?iframe=true&width=90%&height=90%
Hadar, L. L., Ergas, O., Alpert, B., & Ariav, T. (2020). Rethinking teacher education in a VUCA world: student teachers’ social-emotional competencies during the Covid-19 crisis. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 573-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1807513
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman Companhia Editora.
Hooker, S., Post, R., & Sherman, M. (2020). Awareness of meaning in life is protective against burnout among family physicians: a CERA study. Family medicine, 52(1), 11-16. doi: 10.22454/FamMed.2019.562297
Jennings, R. E., Lanaj, K., & Kim, Y. J. (2023). Self‐compassion at work: A self‐regulation perspective on its beneficial effects for work performance and wellbeing. Personnel Psychology, 76(1), 279-309. doi: 10.1111/peps.12504
Kotera, Y., Green, P., & Sheffield, D. (2020). Roles of positive psychology for mental health in UK social work students: Self-compassion as a predictor of better mental health. The British Journal of Social Work, 50(7), 2002-2021. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcz149
Kraus, T., Rodrigues, M., & Dixe, M. A. DOS (2009). Sentido de vida, saúde e desenvolvimento humano. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, 2(10), 77-88. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3882/388239957011.pdf
Kroeff, P. (2011). Logoterapia: uma visão da psicoterapia. Revista Abordagem Gestalt, 17(1), 68-74. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1809-68672011000100010
Längle, A. (2003). Burnout–Existential meaning and possibilities of prevention. European Psychotherapy, 4(1), 107-121. Recuperado de https://laengle.info/userfile/doc/Burnout---EP-03.pdf
Lee, M. F., & Lai, C. S. (2020). Mental Health Level and Happiness Index among Female Teachers in Malaysia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 23(13 A). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231304
Levy, G. C. T. D. M., Nunes Sobrinho, F. D. P., & Souza, C. A. A. D. (2009). Síndrome de Burnout em professores da rede pública. Production, 19, 458-465. doi: 10.1590/S0103-65132009000300004
Lizana, P. A., Vega-Fernadez, G., Gomez-Bruton, A., Leyton, B., & Lera, L. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teacher Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study from before and during the Health Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 37-64. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073764
Magalhães, T. A. D., Vieira, M. R. M., Haikal, D. S. A., Nascimento, J. E., Brito, M. F. S. F., Pinho, L., & Silveira, M. F. (2021). Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout entre docentes da rede pública de ensino: estudo de base populacional. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, 46. doi: 10.1590/2317-6369000030318
Martínez‐Rubio, D., Martínez‐Brotons, C., Monreal‐Bartolomé, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., Campos, D., Pérez‐Aranda, A., ... & Montero‐Marín, J. (2021). Protective role of mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility on the burnout subtypes among psychology and nursing undergraduate students. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(8), 3398-3411. doi: 10.1111/jan.14870
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior, 2(2), 99-113.doi: 10.1002/job.4030020205
Moè, A., & Katz, I. (2020). Self-compassionate teachers are more autonomy supportive and structuring whereas self-derogating teachers are more controlling and chaotic: The mediating role of need satisfaction and burnout. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103173. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103173
Montero-Marín, J., & García-Campayo, J. (2010). A newer and broader definition of burnout: Validation of the" Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-36)". BMC Public Health, 10(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-302
Montero-Marín, J., García-Campayo, J., Mera, D. M., & Del Hoyo, Y. L. (2009). A new definition of burnout syndrome based on Farber's proposal. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology, 4(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-4-31
Montero-Marin, J., Zubiaga, F., Cereceda, M., Piva Demarzo, M. M., Trenc, P., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2016). Burnout subtypes and absence of self-compassion in primary healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. PloS one, 11(6), e0157499. 10.1371/journal.pone.0157499
Montero-Marín, J., Zubiaga, F., Cereceda, M., Marcos Piva Demarzo, M., Trenc, P., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2020). Correction: Burnout subtypes and absence of self-compassion in primary healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. Plos one, 15(4), e0231370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157499
Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. doi: 10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Social and personality psychology compass, 5(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
Oliveira, G. L de., Hayakawa, T. M., Coutinho, A. D. B., Macedo, A. C. W., de Siqueira, M. S. B., & Salomão, M. V. L. (2022). Burnout Syndrome in healthcare professionals and abstracts: a narrative. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 5(2), 7862-7871. doi: 10.34119/bjhrv5n2-338
Paludo, E. F. (2020). Os desafios da docência em tempos de pandemia. Em Tese, 17(2), 44-53. doi: https://doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2020v17n2p44
Park, J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2017). Meaning in life and adjustment to daily stressors. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(4), 333-341. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1209542
Park, N., Park, M., & Peterson, C. (2010). When is the search for meaning related to life satisfaction?. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 2(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01024.x
Petrocchi, N., Ottaviani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2017). Compassion at the mirror: Exposure to a mirror increases the efficacy of a self-compassion manipulation in enhancing soothing positive affect and heart rate variability. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 525-536. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1209544
Rafieinia, P., Bigdeli, I., & Najafi, M. (2018). The role of existential aspects in predicting mental health and burnout. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 13(1), 40-45. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994233
Raykov, T. (1997). Estimation of composite reliability for congeneric measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21(2), 173-184. doi: 10.1177/01466216970212006
Ribeiro, B. M. D. S. S., Martins, J. T., & de Marchi Barcellos, R. D. C. (2020). Burnout syndrome in primary and secondary school teachers in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho, 18(3), 337.doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-519
Santos, D. M. B. (2016). Logoterapia: compreendendo a teoria através de mapa de conceitos. Arquivos brasileiros de psicologia, 68(2), 128-142. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=229048487011
Santos, D. M. B. D. (2019). Educación para sentido en la vida y valores: percepción de universitarios a partir del libro “El hombre en busca de sentido”, de Viktor Frankl. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, 100(254), 230-252. doi: 10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.100i254.3911
Santos, K. D. A. (2023). Modelo compreensivo para saúde mental dos professores da educação básica: os papéis da atenção plena, regulação emocional, autocompaixão e sentido de vida. [Tese de Doutorado em Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão]. Recuperado de http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17455
Santos, K. D. A., & Silva, J. P. da(2021). Conceitos e Fatores da Síndrome de Burnout em Docentes: um Ensaio Teórico. Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade, 14(4), 662-672. doi: 10.14571/brajets.v14.n4.662-672
Santos, K. D. A., & Silva, J. P. da (2022). Sentido de vida e saúde mental em professores: uma revisão integrativa. Revista da SPAGESP, 23(1), 131-145. doi: 10.32467/issn.2175-3628v23n1a11
Shahbazi, G., Moraveji, M., Keramati, S., Ghobadi Davod, R., Mohammadi, N., & Maryam, S. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and semantic therapy in a group manner on reducing perceived stress and improving the meaning of life in patients with breast cancer. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 63(4). doi: 10.22038/mjms.2020.17870
Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2012). Metodologia de pesquisa em psicologia. AMGH Editora.
Sheykhi, M., Naderifar, M., Firouzkohi, M., & Abdollahimohammad, A. (2019). Effect of group logotherapy on death anxiety and occupational burnout of special wards nurses. Medical Science, 23(98), 532-9. Recuperado de https://www.discoveryjournals.org/medicalscience/current_issue/v23/n98/A14.pdf
Shoaakazemi, M., Javid, M. M., Tazekand, F. E., & Khalili, S. (2012). The effect of logo therapy on improving the quality of life in girl students with PTSD. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 5692-5698. Recuperado de http://www.lifesciencesite.com/
Silva, J. P. da, Damásio, B. F., & Melo, S. A. (2009). O sentido de vida e o estresse do professorado: um estudo correlacional. Cadernos de Psicologia Social do Trabalho, 12(1), 111-122. doi 10.11606/issn.1981-0490.v12i1p111-122
Southwick, S., Wisneski, L., & Starck, P. (2021). Rediscovering meaning and purpose: an approach to burnout in the time of COVID-19 and beyond. The American Journal of Medicine, 134(9), 1065-1067. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.04.020
Souza, L. K., & Hutz, C. S. (2016). Adaptation of the self-compassion scale for use in Brazil: evidences of construct validity. Temas em Psicologia, 24(1), 159-172. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/5137/513754276008.pdf
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of counseling psychology, 53(1), 80. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
Suh, H., & Chong, S. S. (2022). What predicts meaning in life? The role of perfectionistic personality and self-compassion. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 35(2), 719-733. doi: 10.1080/10720537.2020.1865854
Vale, R. (2014). Em busca de sentido à formação integral do ser humano na perspectiva de Viktor E. Frakl. Logos & Existência Revista da Associação de Logoterapia e Análise Existencial, 3(2), 191-202. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
Tabares-Díaz, Y. A., Martínez-Daza, V. A., & Matabanchoy-Tulcán, S. M. (2020). Síndrome de Burnout en docentes de Latinoamérica: Una revisión sistemática. Universidad y Salud, 22(3), 265-279. doi: 10.22267/rus.202203.199
Tandler, N., Kirkcaldy, B., Petersen, L. E., & Athanasou, J. (2019). Is there a role for mindfulness and self-compassion in reducing stress in the teaching profession?. Minerva Psichiatrica. doi: 10.23736/S0391-1772.19.01998-8
Ulrichová, M. (2012). Logo therapy and existential analysis in counselling psychology as prevention and treatment of burnout syndrome. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 502-508. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.439
Yela, J. R., Crego, A., Gómez‐Martínez, M. Á., & Jiménez, L. (2020). Self‐compassion, meaning in life, and experiential avoidance explain the relationship between meditation and positive mental health outcomes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(9), 1631-1652. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22932
Ward, S., Womick, J., Titova, L., & King, L. (2023). Meaning in life and coping with everyday stressors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(3), 460-476. doi: 10.1177/01461672211068910
Zhang, J. W., Chen, S., & Tomova Shakur, T. K. (2020). From me to you: Self-compassion predicts acceptance of own and others’ imperfections. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(2), 228-242. doi: 10.1177/0146167219853846
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The submission of originals to this journal implies the transfer, by the authors, of the printed and digital publication rights. The copyrights for the published articles are those of the author, with periodical rights on the first publication. Authors may only use the same results in other publications clearly indicating this journal as the medium of the original publication. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.