Dêixis especial na fala e nos gestos no Português Brasileiro: um estudo-piloto experimental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/signo.v44i79.12829Keywords:
Dêixis espacial, Linguística Cognitiva Experimental, Estudos de Gesto.Abstract
Partindo da afirmação corporificada de que nossas conceptualizações estão ancoradas no mundo físico, os gestos também deveriam se referir a essas conceptualizações BARSALOU, 1999; CIENKI, 1998A, 1998B, 2008, 2013; GLENBERG & ROBERTSON, 2000; HOSTETTER & ALIBALI, 2008). Neste estudo, investigamos como nossas conceptualizações do físico e do abstrato são expressas na fala e nos gestos, utilizando a distinção quaternária, encontrada no Português Brasileiro, entre “aqui” (próximo ao falante), “aí” (próximo ao interlocutor), “ali” (próximo tanto do falante quanto do interlocutor) e “lá” (distante de ambos). Testamos duas hipóteses opostas: 1) a de que os gestos utilizados na dêixis concreta e abstrata seriam similares, com base nas afirmações da teoria corporificada; e 2) a de que o uso dos gestos seria diferente, com base nas afirmações feitas pelas neurociências e ancoradas em padrões de uso dos dêiticos supracitados, coletados de um corpus de fala do Português Brasileiro. Vinte e quatro participantes foram solicitados a encenar pequenos scripts, contendo oito contextos, cada qual com uma ocorrência de uso concreta e uma abstrata dos dêiticos “aqui”, “aí”, “ali” e “lá”. Os resultados demonstraram que a oposição semântica entre “aqui” e “lá” também está presente nos gestos que co-ocorrem com a fala. Entretanto, não há uma diferença clara no uso dos gestos com o “aí”, quando comparado às outras palavras-chave, tal como poderia ser antecipado a partir do uso desse dêitico no corpus C-ORAL Brasil. Gestos que co-ocorrem com o uso concreto das palavras-chave são similares, em alguns aspectos, àqueles que co-ocorrem com o uso abstrato, mas há também muitas diferenças. Em conclusão, a imagem parece ser ativada em usos referenciais abstratos, na utilização dos pronomes adverbiais espaciais, mas os fatores que motivam as particularidades das diferenças encontradas necessitam ser exploradas em trabalhos futuros.Downloads
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