Psicologia social e fake news: a perspectiva do realismo crítico
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17058/signo.v47i90.17849Mots-clés :
Fake News, Psicologia social, Realismo crítico, Heurísticas, ViesesRésumé
Este artigo é o desdobramento de uma comunicação lida na mesa redonda “A psicologia na luta contra a desinformação”, proposta pela Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia e realizada na 74a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira Para o Progresso da Ciência. A temática comum à comunicação, e ao artigo aqui apresentado, é a das fake news e, em um sentido mais amplo, o uso da desinformação como um recurso de persuasão. Defendemos o argumento de que as fake news devem ser interpretadas como um fenômeno real, complexo e, como tal, apreensível nas condições concretas que presidem as manifestações de qualquer evento real. Para entendê-las devemos a) identificar o que é fake news, diferenciando-as de fenômenos similares e análogos; b) reconhecer que, por se tratar de um fenômeno real, deve ser analisada em consonância com perspectivas teóricas que permitam considerá-la na sua complexidade; c) uma vez entendidas como fenômenos reais e analisados segundo uma perspectiva ao mesmo tempo realista e crítica, consideramos a possibilidade de analisá-las segundo a perspectiva da psicologia social, a partir da constituição de um corpus; e d) apresentaremos algumas sugestões, decorrentes dos argumentos assinalados nas seções anteriores, que ofereçam indicadores de como podemos enfrentar a enxurrada de desinformações as quais estamos sujeitos em função das demandas impostas pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico atual e pela crescente polarização política.
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