Factors associated with vertical transmission of syphilis in a city in the State of São Paulo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v13i2.18097Keywords:
Sexually transmitted infections, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Public HealthAbstract
Background and Objectives: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection with low-cost and accessible treatment; however, it is considered a public health problem. Further studies are needed to improve knowledge about the factors that may contribute to the mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. Given its high detection rate in pregnant women and the possible adverse events of syphilis in Brazil, the objective was to evaluate the association of individual and clinical characteristics of syphilis with the incidence of congenital syphilis in pregnant women. Methods: This retrospective study was performed in a medium-size municipality in the State of São Paulo. Notification forms from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used and the occurrence of congenital syphilis was the outcome of the study. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were performed with variables that obtained p values <0.25. Results: Most pregnant women were 20-34 years old (62.2%) and had white skin (63.2%) and incomplete elementary schooling (35.4%). The occurrence of congenital syphilis was associated with the maternal syphilis diagnosis (p<0,001) and with not performing the treponemal test during the prenatal examination (p =0.014). There was a greater risk for the occurrence of congenital syphilis in cases with late diagnosis during pregnancy (OR=16.48; 95%CI 3.22-84.26) and tertiary/latent clinical classification (OR=7.62; 95%CI 1.40-41.54). Conclusion: Maternal diagnosis in the third trimester of pregnancy and tertiary/latent clinical classification were the main risk factors for the occurrence of congenital syphilis, reinforcing the importance of a quality prenatal examination performed timely.
Downloads
References
Bezerra MLMB, Fernandes FECV, de Oliveira Nunes JP et al. Congenital Syphilis as a Measure of Maternal and Child Healthcare, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019; 25(8):1469-1476. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2508.180298.
Tsai S, Sun MY, Kuller JA et al. Syphilis in Pregnancy. Obstetrical & gynecological survey. 2019; 74(9): 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000713
Silva ÂAO, Leony LM, Souza WV et al. Spatiotemporal distribution analysis of syphilis in Brazil: Cases of congenital and syphilis in pregnant women from 2001-2017. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0275731. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275731.
Benedetti KCSV, Ribeiro ADDC, Queiroz JHFS et al. High Prevalence of Syphilis and Inadequate Prenatal Care in Brazilian Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101(4):761-766. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0912.
Rodrigues DC, Domingues RMSM. Management of syphilis in pregnancy: Knowledge and practices of health care providers and barriers to the control of disease in Teresina, Brazil. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018;33(2):329-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2463.
Medeiros J, Yamamura M, da Silva ZP et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Scientific reports. 2022; 12(1): 585. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04530-y
Yang WJ, Hu HH, Yang Y et al. Unusual erythematous plaque with white scales, a case of acquired syphilis in a child and literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):528. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06114-7
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Boletim Epidemiológico – Sífilis. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde – Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais. 2021. https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/media/pdf/2021/outubro/14-1/boletim_sifilis-2021_internet.pdf
Korenromp EL, Rowley J, Alonso M et al. Global burden of maternal and congenital syphilis and associated adverse birth outcomes-Estimates for 2016 and progress since 2012. PLoS One, 2019; 14(2):e0211720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211720
Benedetti K, Ribeiro A, Queiroz J et al. High Prevalence of Syphilis and Inadequate Prenatal Care in Brazilian Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2019; 101(4): 761–766. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0912
Lino CM, Sousa M, Batista MJ. Epidemiological profile, spatial distribution, and syphilis time series: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian municipality. Journal of infection in developing countries 2021; 15(10): 1462–1470. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13780
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Doenças e Agravos de Notificação - 2007 em diante (SINAN). 2022. https://datasus.saude.gov.br/acesso-a-informacao/doencas-e-agravos-de-notificacao-de-2007-em-diante-sinan/
Pires CP, Fernandes CO, Oliveira EF et al. Syphilis notifications among pregnant women in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2011 to 2017. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020. 11;53:e20200024. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0024-2020
Ayala ALM, Jasko BGD, Biliski MJB. Análise da sífilis em gestantes nos anos de 2010 a 2019 em Joinville/SC. Espac Saúde. 2021; 22:e762. https://doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130/es.2021v22.e762
Pereira AL, Silva LR, Palma LM et al. Impacto do grau de escolaridade e idade no diagnóstico tardio de sífilis em gestantes. Femina. 2020; 48(9): 563-7. https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2020/10/1122585/femina-2020-489-563-567.pdf
Reis GJD, Barcellos C, Pedroso MM et al. Diferenciais intraurbanos da sífilis congênita: análise preditiva por bairros do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. 2018; 34(9):e00105517. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00105517
Cavalcante PAM, Pereira RBL, Castro JGD. Syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis in Palmas, Tocantins State, Brazil, 2007-2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude 2017; 26(2):255-264. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000200003
Oliveira IM, Oliveira RPB, Alves RRF. Diagnóstico, tratamento e notificação da sífilis durante a gestação em Goiás, de 2007 a 2017. Rev saúde pública 2021; 55:68. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003122
Cardoso ARP, Araújo MAL, Cavalcante MS et al. Análise dos casos de sífilis gestacional e congênita nos anos de 2008 a 2010 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Cien Saude Colet 2018; 23(2): 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018232.01772016
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Ministério da Saúde, 2015. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/protocolo_clinico_diretrizes_terapeutica_atencao_integral_pessoas_infeccoes_sexualmente_transmissiveis.pdf
Domingues RMSM, Leal MC. Incidência de sífilis congênita e fatores associados à transmissão vertical da sífilis: dados do estudo Nascer no Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016; 32(6):e00082415. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00082415
Nascimento MI, Cunha AA, Guimarães EV et al. Gestações complicadas por sífilis materna e óbito fetal. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012; 34(2): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032012000200003
Silva Neto SED, Silva SSBED, Sartori AMC. Syphilis in pregnancy, congenital syphilis, and factors associated with mother-to-child transmission in Itapeva, São Paulo, 2010 to 2014. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2018; 51(6):819-826. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0377-2017
Ribeiro CF, Silva MN, Araújo LC et al. Fatores associados à sífilis congênita em um hospital público no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rev Ped SOPERJ. 2018; 18(4):2-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31365/issn.2595-1769.v18i4p2-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Natália Caroline Serra Santana , Carolina Matteussi Lino, Andréa Tenório Correia da Silva, Marília Jesus Batista
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
