Intestinal parasitosis in AIDS and/or HTLV patients: findings from an infectious disease reference hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i2.18715Keywords:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 2, Opportunistic Infections, Parasitic DiseasesAbstract
Background and Objectives: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) infections precipitate immunological deficiencies, predisposing afflicted individuals to opportunistic diseases and exacerbating clinical symptoms. A prevalent health concern among these patients is enteroparasitosis. This research delineates the intestinal parasitosis profile in patients diagnosed with AIDS and/or HTLV at a specialized infectious disease hospital in Alagoas. Methods: this quantitative, cross-sectional analysis was conducted from August 2021 to May 2022, encompassing patients diagnosed with AIDS and/or HTLV. The study employed various coproparasitological assessments, including the Hoffman, Pons, and Janer, Baermann-Moraes, and Safranin-methylene blue techniques, complemented by macroscopic examination of fecal consistency. These assessments were carried out at the Infectious-Parasitic Diseases Laboratory of the Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas. Data processing was performed utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences®. Ethical clearance was obtained from theUniversidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas Research Ethics Committee. Results: from the 77 participants recruited, 44 provided fecal specimens. All participants were HIV-positive, with a male predominance. Enteroparasites were detected in 27.27% of the samples. Notably, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar and Strongyloides stercoralisemerged as the most prevalent protozoan and helminth, respectively. The Hoffman, Pons, and Janer technique successfully identified parasites in all positive samples. Treatment was administered to all patients with positive findings. Conclusion: the significant prevalence of opportunistic parasites observed underscores the criticality of routine coproparasitological screening in immunocompromised patients. Such proactive measures are essential to mitigate the risk of heightened morbidity and mortality within this vulnerable population.
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