HIV and childhood tuberculosis: fragmentation of the flow of information in the countryside of the state of São Paulo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i1.18782Keywords:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis, Child Health, Neglected DiseasesAbstract
Background and Objectives: children are still affected by HIV and tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to identify the occurrence of HIV and TB cases in children. Methods: this is an epidemiological, non-experimental, retrospective study, in which the population was made up of records of HIV and TB cases in children living in a municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, from 2012 to 2022, in the age group of zero to 13 years old. After data collection, data consistency and validity was checked, followed by categorization of information for descriptive analyses and presentation in absolute and relative frequency tables. Results: during the study period, six cases of HIV and seven of TB were identified in children with a respective average annual incidence of 0.033 and 0.031 cases/1,000 inhabitants aged up to 13 years. There were 146 notifications of HIV-exposed children. There was a difference of months to years between the dates of diagnosis and notification, which deviates from the Ministry of Health recommendations. Incompatibility was found between municipal and state registration platforms, which shows a breakdown in flow of information on notifications. Conclusion: there have been cases of HIV and childhood TB in the last ten years. Structural problems were identified in the fragmentation of the flow of information that subsidizes health actions according to the population’s needs, which overshadows the health system’s ability to respond.
Downloads
References
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Estrutura Integrada Sustentável para a Eliminação de Doenças Transmissíveis nas Américas; 2019.
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51461
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. HIV/aids 2022. Bol Epidemiol HIV/aids 2022; 2022. https://www.gov.br/aids/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/boletins-epidemiologicos/2022/hiv-aids
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Tuberculose 2023. Bol Epidemiol Tuberculose 2023; 2023. https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/boletins/epidemiologicos/especiais/2023/boletim-epidemiologico-de-tuberculose-numero-especial-mar.2023.
Salazar-Austin N, Hoffmann J, Cohn S, et al. Poor Obstetric and Infant Outcomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women With Tuberculosis in South Africa: The Tshepiso Study. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66(6):921–929. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix851.
Fundo das Nações Unidas para Infância. Uma criança foi infectada com HIV a cada dois minutos em 2020 – UNICEF; 2021.https://www.unicef.org/brazil/comunicados-de-imprensa/uma-crianca-foi-infectada-com-hiv-cada-dois-minutos-em-2020.
Carvalho ACC, Cardoso CAA, Martire TM, et al. Epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, and prevention of pediatric tuberculosis from the perspective of the End TB Strategy. J Bras Pneumol 2018; 44(2):134–144. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000461.
Vonasek B, Ness T, Takwoingi Y, et al. Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Cochrane Library 2021; 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013693.pub2
Fronteira I, Sidat M, Magalhães JP, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A syndemic perspective. OneHealth 2021; 12:100228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100228.
Roberton T, Carten ED, Chou VB, et al. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e901–08. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30229-1.
Organização das Nações Unidas. Brasil: Quase metade das crianças vivendo com HIV no mundo não receberam tratamento em 2020; 2021. https://brasil.un.org/pt-br/137249-quase-metade-das-criancas-vivendo-com-hiv-no-mundo-nao-receberam-tratamento-em-2020.
Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Tipos de estudos epidemiológicos. In: Epidemiologia moderna. 3ª ed. Tradução: Geraldo Serra. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2011.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Cidades e Estados. São Paulo; 2023. https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/sp.html
Teixeira MG, Costa M da CN, Paixão ES, et al. Conquistas do SUS no enfrentamento das doenças transmissíveis. Ciênc saúde coletiva 2018; 23(6):1819–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018236.08402018.
Werneck GL, Carvalho MS. A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: crônica de uma crise sanitária anunciada. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 2020; 36(5)e00068820. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00068820.
Miranda AE, Gaspar PC, Lannoy LH, et al. Certificação subnacional da eliminação da transmissão vertical de HIV e/ou sífilis: relato da experiência brasileira. Epidemiol Serv Saúde 2023; 32(3):e2023439. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000300003.EN
Hamada Y, Glaziou P, Sismanidis C, et al. Prevention of tuberculosis in household members: estimates of children eligible for treatment. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97(8):534–547D. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.218651
Rangel-S ML, Lamengo G, Paim M, et al. SUS na mídia em contexto de pandemia. Saúde Debate 2022; 46(134). https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202213401.
Dubois M, Faro EZ, Lee DS, et al. Integrating childhood TB: applying the care delivery value chain to improve pediatric HIV/TB services in Togo, West Africa. AIDS Care 2020; 32(11):1445–1450. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1770672.
Zhang Y, Zhao R, Zhang Z, et al. Analysis of Factors Influencing Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Validation of Whole-Genome Sequencing in Children with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4375–4393. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S331890.
Guimares MF, Lovero LK, Avelar JG, et al. Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil. Clinics 2019; 74:e318. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e318.
Motazedian N, Sayadi M, Beheshti S, et al. High risky behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst street children in Shiraz, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:138. https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.138.
Xavier DR, Albuquerque MP, Sousa-Carmo SVT, et al. Avaliação da completitude e oportunidade dos dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) para febre maculosa no estado de São Paulo, 2007-2017. Epidemiol Serv Saúde 2023; 32(2):e2022416. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000200011
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Diário Oficial da União. Portaria Nº 47, de 3 de Maio de 2016.https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/svs/2016/prt0047_03_05_2016.html.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Thamires Carraro Gatto, Giovana Cristina Chirinéa Donida, Eliza Flori Rodrigues da Costa, Monika Wernet, Mellina Yamamura Calori
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
