Prevalencia y factores asociados a la práctica de actividad física en personas con VIH/SIDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v13i4.18251Palabras clave:
VIH, Ejercicio Físico, Factores de Riesgo, Enfermedades CardiovascularesResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: la práctica de actividades físicas (PAF) por parte de las personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH) ha sido recomendada en la literatura médica. Esta medida ha demostrado ser efectiva en el manejo de las PVVIH. Sin embargo, se estima que solo el 50,7% de las PVVIH cumplen con las pautas recomendadas de ejercicio físico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a PAF en PVVIH usuarias de tratamiento antirretroviral. Métodos: estudio observacional transversal, conformado por 276 PVVIH en terapia antirretroviral (TARV), atendidas en el Servicio Ambulatorio Especializado (SAE) de un municipio del interior del Nordeste en 2018. Las variables analizadas incluyeron datos bioquímicos, antropométricos y de presión arterial, así como el Puntuación de Riesgo de Framingham (PRF). Se dividieron en dos grupos: practicantes (pAF) de actividad física; y no practicantes de actividad física (NpAF). Los datos se correlacionaron mediante la Prueba de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, con significancia estadística si p<0,05, y mediante estadística inferencial. Resultados: de los participantes del estudio, la mayoría eran hombres, y del total del contingente, el 67% (n=185) eran NpAF y, de estos, el 8,6% tenían riesgo moderado y alto de eventos cardiovasculares (RECV) según PRF. El grupo de pAF tuvo una mediana menor para la variable edad [37 (41-48) años, p=0,004] y una mediana mayor para la variable peso [68 (60-77,5) kg, p=0,015]. Entre las pAF, hubo alta prevalencia de bajo riesgo. Conclusión: la falta de PAF es altamente prevalente entre las PVVIH, y estas están más asociadas a RECV moderado y alto, además de las consecuencias metabólicas y corporales de la condición viral y la terapia antirretroviral.
Descargas
Citas
Santos L, Siqueira M, Damiani R, et al. IMPACTO DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM PESSOAS COM HIV/AIDS / IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS. Brazilian J Technol. 2020;3:130–45. https://doi.org/10.38152/bjtv3n4-002
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico de HIV/Aids (DF). 2021.
Germano R, Fernandes GC, Santos THG, et al. Exercício físico, composição corporal, colesterol e triglicérides no paciente com HIV: uma meta-análise. Rev Bras Saúde Glob. 2020;1(1):35–41. Availabe from: https://revistas.unisa.br/index.php/saudeglobal/article/view/180
De Oliveira JA, de Barros Aguiar M, Vasconcelos WKV, et al. Influência do exercício físico sobre a contagem de células TCD4+ em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão integrativa. Arq Bras Educ Física. 2020;3(2):50–5. https://doi.org/10.20873/10.20873/abef.2595-0096.v2n2p5055.2020.
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Manejo da Infecção pelo HIV em adultos. Brasília (DF); 2018.
Ozemek C, Erlandson KM, Jankowski CM. Physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health for adults living with HIV. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(2):178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.01.005 .
De Moura Pereira DM, da Silva SA, de Oliveira JRS, et al. Os efeitos da terapia do exercício no tratamento dos indivíduos com sorologia positiva para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana: revisão de literatura. Brazilian J Dev. 2020;6(11):92324–34. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n11-586
Sousa CV, Lewis JE, Simoes HG, et al. The effectiveness of a community-based exercise program on depression symptoms among people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2021;33(3):368-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1719278.
De Camargo Edina Maria, Rodriguez Añez Ciro Romelio. Diretrizes da OMS para atividade física e comportamento sedentário: num piscar de olhos. Genebra: Organização Mundial da Saúde; [2020].
Martin K, Naclerio F, Karsten B, et al. Physical activity and quality of life in people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2019;31(5):589-598. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1576848.
Camargo EM, Rodriguez ACM. Diretrizes da OMS para atividade física e comportamento sedentário: num piscar de olhos : [WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior: at a glance]. Diretrizes da OMS. 2020;
Werle JE, Teston EF, Marcon SS, et al. HIV/AIDS em região de tríplice fronteira: subsídios para reflexões sobre políticas públicas. 2021; 25(3):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2020-0320.
Silva LCL da, Ribeiro LCS, Ferreira JDA, et al. Conhecimento De Homens Jovens Sobre Infecção Pelo Hiv E Fatores Associados. Rev Baiana Enfermagem. 2020;34:1–15. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.37098
Brignol S, Kerr L, Amorim LD, et al. Fatores associados a infecção por HIV numa amostra respondent-driven sampling de homens que fazem sexo com homens, Salvador. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2016;19(2):256–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201600020004
Knauth DR, Hentges B, Macedo JL de, et al. O diagnóstico do HIV/aids em homens heterossexuais: a surpresa permanece mesmo após mais de 30 anos de epidemia TT - HIV/AIDS diagnosis in heterosexual men: still a surprise after more than 30 years of the epidemic TT - El diagnóstico del VIH/SIDA en hombres heterosexuales: se mantiene la sorpresa incluso tras más de 30 años de epidemia. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00170118.
Willig AL, Webel AR, Westfall AO, et al. Physical activity trends and metabolic health outcomes in people living with HIV in the US, 2008-2015. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(2):170-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.005.
Chisati EM, Munthali F, Constantinou D, et al. Physical activity levels among Malawian adults living with HIV and receiving anti-retroviral therapy. Malawi Med J. 2020;32(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i1.3.
Gray L, Schuft L, Bergamaschi A, et al. Perceived barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in people living with HIV: A qualitative study in a French sample. Chronic Illness. 2021;17(2):111-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395319826638.
Ajidahun AT, Myezwa H, Ibeneme SC, et al. Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density and some health-related outcomes in HIV conditions: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(50):e23206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023206.
Oursler KK, Sorkin JD, Ryan AS, et al. A pilot randomized aerobic exercise trial in older HIV-infected men: Insights into strategies for successful aging with HIV. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198855.
Webel AR, Jenkins T, Longenecker CT, et al. Relationship of HIV status and fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness, myokines and physical activity. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019;30(4):392–404. Available from : https://journals.lww.com/janac/Abstract/2019/08000/Relationship_of_HIV_Status_and_Fatigue,.4.aspx
Blanco JR, Barrio I, Ramalle-Gómara E, et al. Gender differences for frailty in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable viral load. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215764.t001.
Lewis, J. E., Poles, J., Garretson, E., et al. (2022). Are Physical Fitness and CRP Related to Framingham Risk Score in HIV+ Adults? American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 16(2), 229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827620904345
Schulz, C. A., Mavarani, L., Reinsch, N., et al. (2021). Prediction of future cardiovascular events by Framingham, SCORE and asCVD risk scores is less accurate in HIV-positive individuals from the HIV-HEART Study compared with the general population. HIV Medicine, 22(8), 732–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/HIV.13124
Webel AR, Perazzo J, Phillips JC, et al. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among People Living with HIV Throughout the Lifespan. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019;34(5):364–71. Availabe from: https://journals.lww.com/jcnjournal/Abstract/2019/09000/The_Relationship_Between_Physical_Activity_and.4.aspx
Segatto AFM, Freitas Junior IF, Santos VR dos, et al. Lipodystrophy in HIV/AIDS patients with different levels of physical activity while on antiretroviral therapy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(4):420–4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822011000400004
Ogalha C, Luz E, Sampaio E, et al. A randomized, clinical trial to evaluate the impact of regular physical activity on the quality of life, body morphology and metabolic parameters of patients with AIDS in Salvador, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;57(SUPPL. 3):179–85. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jaids/fulltext/2011/08153/a_randomized,_clinical_trial_to_evaluate_the.9.aspx.
##submission.downloads##
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 João Victor Cunha Silva, Edjane Silva Araujo , Ana Luísa Duarte Cantanhede, William Pereira Santos, Claudia Regina Andrade Arrais Rosa
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
