Seroprevalencia del SRAS-CoV-2 en adultos en las ciudades de Mariana y Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v15i1.19515Palabras clave:
Infecciones por coronavirus, Estudios seroepidemiológicos, Factores socioeconómicos, Encuestas sanitariasResumen
Justificación y Objetivos: Al inicio de la pandemia, la ausencia de un protocolo nacional de vigilancia epidemiológica y control complicó la comprensión de la verdadera prevalencia del COVID-19 en Brasil. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 y describir el perfil serológico de acuerdo con las características socioeconómicas, geográficas y sanitarias de las ciudades de Mariana y Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta serológica transversal de base poblacional con 1.762 adultos entre octubre y diciembre de 2020. Se utilizó una prueba rápida inmunocromatográfica cualitativa para evaluar la infección; se realizaron análisis de georreferenciación e inferencia estadística. Resultados: La prevalencia de la infección fue del 5,2%. El análisis multivariante reveló que los menores ingresos familiares per cápita (≤ 0,5 salario mínimo) (OR: 0,27; IC 95%: 0,13-0,59), la mayor densidad de ocupantes por habitación (≥ 0,5) (OR: 0,47; IC 95%: 0,23-0,97) y el contacto previo con casos sospechosos o confirmados de COVID-19 (OR: 2,58; IC 95%: 1,16-5,73) se asociaron significativamente con la seropositividad. Los individuos seropositivos informaron de una mayor frecuencia de fatiga (14,8%), disnea (9,3%), ageusia (9,3%) y anosmia (8,8%), además de un menor nivel educativo (p=0,024), una menor renta familiar per cápita (p=0,018) y un mayor número de comorbilidades (p=0,041). Se observó una distribución geográfica heterogénea, con concentraciones en sectores censales con ingresos medios de uno a tres salarios mínimos. Conclusiones: El estudio destaca una distribución heterogénea de la infección por SRAS-CoV-2, con predominio de individuos seropositivos de los segmentos socioeconómicos más bajos y que presentan mayores vulnerabilidades sanitarias. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias e intervenciones de salud pública específicas para mejorar la vigilancia de la enfermedad y mitigar las disparidades sanitarias en contextos similares.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Adriana Lúcia Meireles, Ana Maria Sampaio Rocha, Bárbara dos Santos Simões, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior, Irene Carolina Sousa Justiniano, Hillary Nascimento Coletro, Samara Silva de Moura, Amanda Popolino Diniz, Thaís da Silva Sabião, Aline Priscila Batista, Nara Nunes Lage, Keila Furbino Barbosa, Cássio Zumerle Masioli, Carolina Ali Santos, Márcio Antônio Moreira Galvão, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
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