Prevalência de COVID-19 entre trabalhadores da saúde antes e depois de vacinação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v14i4.19221Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, vaccineResumo
Justificativa e Objetivos: os profissionais de saúde correm alto risco de adquirir infecções durante surtos de doenças. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de COVID-19 entre profissionais de saúde vacinados e não vacinados. Métodos: estudo observacional e transversal, que avaliou casos de síndrome gripal ocorridos entre março de 2020 e dezembro de 2021 em trabalhadores da saúde vacinados e não vacinados com CoronaVac ou Astrazeneca em um hospital do extremo sul do Brasil. O estudo incluiu casos de síndrome gripal caracterizados e acompanhados pelo setor de saúde ocupacional da intuição e que realizaram testes diagnósticos por RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2. A medida da Razão de Prevalência estimada pela análise de regressão de Poisson com ajuste de variância foi utilizada para verificar os fatores e as forças das associações. Resultados: foram avaliados 1.088 casos de síndrome gripal ocorridos em profissionais de saúde entre 2020 e 2021. Quando ajustada por sexo, idade, função, setor, tipo de vacina ou diagnóstico prévio de COVID-19, a prevalência de COVID-19 entre os casos de profissionais não vacinados foi de 51,5% (IC 95%: 46,5-56,5) e de 32,1% (IC 95%: 25,3-38,8) entre profissionais não vacinados. Além disso, a vacinação para a COVID-19 reduziu a prevalência de novas infecções em 33% (RP: 0,67; IC 95%: 0,56-0,81). Conclusão: a vacinação para a COVID-19 reduziu significativamente a prevalência da COVID-19 entre os profissionais de saúde, independentemente do sexo, idade, setor, função, tipo de vacina ou diagnóstico prévio de COVID-19.
Downloads
Referências
Heinzerling A, Stuckey MJ, Scheuer T, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient - Solano County, California, February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):472-476. doi: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e5. PMID: 32298249; PMCID: PMC7755059.
Buonafine CP, Paiatto BNM, Leal FB, et al. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic healthcare workers in a large university tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 2; 20(1):917. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05662-8. PMID: 33267836; PMCID: PMC7709093.
Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology Consortium. Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Sep; 5(9):e475-e483. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X. Epub 2020 Jul 31. PMID: 32745512; PMCID: PMC7491202.
World Health Organization (WHO. How do vaccines work?. Publicado em 08 de dez. de 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-work. Acesso em 12/03/2021.
Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 21; 382(21):1969-1973. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005630. Epub 2020 Mar 30. PMID: 32227757.
Lazarus JV, Wyka K, White TM, Picchio CA, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, Ratzan SC, Kamarulzaman A, El-Mohandes A. A survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 23 countries in 2022. Nat Med. 2023 Feb;29(2):366-375. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02185-4. Epub 2023 Jan 9. PMID: 36624316.
Schmidt Fernandes F, de Castro Cardoso Toniasso S, Castelo Branco Leitune J, et al. COVID-19 among healthcare workers in a Southern Brazilian Hospital and evaluation of a diagnostic strategy based on the RT-PCR test and retest for Sars-CoV-2. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Apr;25(8):3365-3374. doi: https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202104_25748. PMID: 33928624.
Van Loon N, Verbrugghe M, Cartuyvels R, et al. Diagnosis of COVID-19 Based on Symptomatic Analysis of Hospital Healthcare Workers in Belgium: Observational Study in a Large Belgian Tertiary Care Center During Early COVID-19 Outbreak. J Occup Environ Med. 2021 Jan 1;63(1):27-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002015. PMID: 32858554; PMCID: PMC7773160.
Algado-Sellés N, Gras-Valentí P, Chico-Sánchez P, et al. Frequency, Associated Risk Factors, and Characteristics of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Personnel in a Spanish Health Department. Am J Prev Med. 2020 Dec;59(6):e221-e229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.014. Epub 2020 Aug 18. PMID: 33220760; PMCID: PMC7434331.
Al Maskari Z, Al Blushi A, Khamis F, et al. Characteristics of healthcare workers infected with COVID-19: A cross-sectional observational study. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;102:32-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.009. Epub 2020 Oct 8. PMID: 33039607; PMCID: PMC7543901.
Comelli A, Consonni D, Lombardi A, et al. Nasopharyngeal Testing among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) of a Large University Hospital in Milan, Italy during Two Epidemic Waves of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 19;18(16):8748. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168748. PMID: 34444497; PMCID: PMC8392643.
Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Hasselbalch RB, et al. Risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers in Denmark: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;20(12):1401-1408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30589-2. Epub 2020 Aug 3. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):e250. PMID: 32758438; PMCID: PMC7398038.
Toniasso SCC, Fernandes FS, Joveleviths D, et al. Reduction in COVID-19 prevalence in healthcare workers in a university hospital in southern Brazil after the start of vaccination. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;109:283-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.025. Epub 2021 Jul 14. PMID: 34271203; PMCID: PMC8277538.
Angel Y, Spitzer A, Henig O, et al. Association Between Vaccination With BNT162b2 and Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Health Care Workers. JAMA. 2021 Jun 22;325(24):2457-2465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.7152. PMID: 33956048; PMCID: PMC8220476.
Barrett, E.S., Horton, D.B., Roy, J. et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously undiagnosed health care workers in New Jersey, at the onset of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 20, 853 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05587-2.
Ojanperä H, Ohtonen P, Kanste O, et al. Impact of direct hand hygiene observations and feedback on hand hygiene compliance among nurses and doctors in medical and surgical wards: an eight-year observational study. J Hosp Infect. 2022 Sep;127:83-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.06.007. Epub 2022 Jun 17. PMID: 35724953.
Gómez-Ochoa SA, Franco OH, Rojas LZ, et al. COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2021 Jan 4;190(1):161-175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa191. Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol. 2021 Jan 4;190(1):187. PMID: 32870978; PMCID: PMC7499478.
World Health Organization (2019). State of the world's nursing 2020: investing in education, jobs and leadership. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019. 144 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279.
World Health Organization (2020). State of the world’s nursing 2020: investing in education, jobs and leadership. World Health Organization. Geneva,144p. 2020. ISBN 978-92-4-000329-3. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279.
Firew T, Sano ED, Lee JW, et al. Protecting the front line: a cross-sectional survey analysis of the occupational factors contributing to healthcare workers’ infection and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USABMJ Open 2020;10:e042752. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042752.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Karina Pinheiro Teixeira dos Reis, Mirelle de Oliveira Saes , Ivy Bastos Ramis
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author must state that the paper is original (has not been published previously), not infringing any copyright or other ownership right involving third parties. Once the paper is submitted, the Journal reserves the right to make normative changes, such as spelling and grammar, in order to maintain the language standard, but respecting the author’s style. The published papers become ownership of RECI, considering that all the opinions expressed by the authors are their responsibility. Because we are an open access journal, we allow free use of articles in educational and scientific applications provided the source is cited under the Creative Commons CC-BY license.
